Bangladesh Faces Backlash Over Removal of ‘Adivasi’ from Textbooks
Dhaka, January 2025 – Bangladesh is facing nationwide protests after the government removed the term adivasi (indigenous) from ninth- and tenth-grade textbooks. The decision, reportedly influenced by Islamist groups, has sparked criticism from activists and indigenous communities who see it as an attempt to erase their identity.
The controversy began when the National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) removed references to indigenous groups following pressure from Students for Sovereignty, an Islamist student organization. The group had objected to an illustration in the textbook depicting a tree with five leaves labeled Muslim, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist, and Indigenous, alongside the phrase, “It is forbidden to pluck the leaves.” Critics claimed the image symbolized national unity, while Islamist groups argued it promoted separatism.
Indigenous Communities Protest
The removal of adivasi from textbooks has been met with strong resistance from indigenous organizations such as the Chattogram Hill Students’ Council (PCP) and the Hill Women’s Federation. Activists argue that this move erases the identity of over 50 indigenous communities and deepens their historical marginalization.
“This is more than just a word—it represents our history, our culture, and our existence,” said Rupaiya Shrestha Tanchangya, a spokesperson for the Students’ Movement Against Discrimination. Protesters are demanding that the term adivasi be reinstated in textbooks and that indigenous history be formally included in the curriculum.
The National Indigenous Peoples’ Council Greater Dhaka Committee has also condemned the decision, calling it a setback for inclusivity. The committee pointed out that Acting Government Chief Advisor Muhammad Yunus had previously acknowledged the indigenous population using the term adivasi, raising concerns that the government is now backtracking on its commitment to diversity.
Historical Parallels and Growing Tensions
The issue has drawn comparisons to Bangladesh’s struggle for independence in 1971, when the Pakistani government attempted to suppress Bengali identity in the name of national unity. Critics warn that denying indigenous recognition could fuel resentment and deepen social divisions.
“History has shown that suppressing identity leads to unrest. Instead of promoting unity, this decision may create further divisions,” said Anvesh Chakma of the PCP.
Protests have erupted across Dhaka and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, where indigenous students have staged demonstrations, painted murals, and written graffiti calling for recognition. Activists argue that removing adivasi contradicts Bangladesh’s pledge to be an inclusive nation.
Analysis: A Threat to Pluralism?
The debate over textbook revisions reflects a broader struggle over Bangladesh’s national identity. Supporters of the removal argue that the term adivasi suggests a separatist agenda, while critics see it as an essential part of recognizing Bangladesh’s diverse heritage.
Global human rights organizations, including the United Nations, have consistently emphasized that acknowledging indigenous identities strengthens social cohesion rather than threatening national unity. Activists warn that continued suppression of indigenous rights may damage Bangladesh’s international reputation.
The removal of adivasi from school textbooks has become a test of Bangladesh’s commitment to pluralism. As protests continue, the government faces pressure to reconsider its decision and ensure that all communities are recognized and respected in the country’s educational system.
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